1Les médias présentent de plus en plus de situations d’horreurs, où la déshumanisation s’avère souvent à l’origine et dans lesquelles des personnes soignées vivent des conditions parfois tragiques. She referred human being as a valued person in and of him or herself to be cared for, respected, nurtured, understood and assisted; in general a philosophical view of a person as a fully functional integrated self. En effet, les infirmières doivent trouver des moyens afin de préserver un soin humaniste et relationnel auprès de la clientèle. 13Je l’accueille au moment où elle est admise en fauteuil roulant sur notre unité de réadaptation. The theorist brings up the aspect of a transpersonal relationship in nursing care. Professeure agrégée, Faculté des Sciences Infirmières, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada, Professeure adjointe École des sciences infirmières, Faculté de Médecine et des sciences de la santé Université de Sherbrooke, Campus de Longueuil, Québec, Canada. Higher Order Intrapersonal-Interpersonal Need or Growth-seeking Need. Au total, nous retrouvons dix facteurs caratifs (Watson, 1988, p. 75 et Watson, 2005, p. 2, traduits par Cara, 1999) : 8Pour Watson (1999), la relation de caring transpersonnelle caractérise un type particulier de connexion entre le soignant et le soigné, laquelle s’appuie sur des valeurs humanistes. According to Watson’s theory, “Nursing is concerned with promoting health, preventing illness, caring for the sick, and restoring health.” It focuses on health promotion, as well as the treatment of diseases. afin de tendre vers une autonomie optimale et l’harmonie espritcorpsâme (PCC#9) S’ouvrir et s’attarder aux dimensions spirituelles et existentielles (par exemple, les valeurs et croyances concernant la perte d’autonomie et la tétraplégie) pour aider Mme Levert à trouver une signification à sa situation (PCC#10) Validation Est-ce que Mme Levert se perçoit plus autonome ? The higher order psychosocial needs or integrative needs include the need for achievement, and affiliation. One of the gifts through the suffering was the privilege of experiencing and receiving my own theory through the care from my husband and loving nurse friends and colleagues.” These two personal life-altering events contributed to writing her third book, Postmodern Nursing and Beyond. De plus, le lecteur peut consulter les tableaux 1 et 2 (voir annexe) en ce qui concerne les valeurs et postulats théoriques qui sous-tendent sa théorie. D’après Mme Levert, sa vie n’a plus de sens. 5Une occasion de caring survient au moment [un point défini dans le temps et l’espace] où l’infirmière et la personne soignée se rencontrent avec leur histoire de vie et leur champ phénoménal uniques dans une transaction d’humain-à-humain (traduction libre, Watson, 2006, p. 300). This would further increase the involvement of both the patient and the nurse when the experience is satisfying. The higher order intrapersonal-interpersonal need or growth-seeking need is the need for self-actualization. Nowadays, a lot of people choose nursing as a profession. Caring science as a sacred science. Par exemple, le savoir-dans-l’action correspond à l’immersion dans l’expérience de soin vécue qui s’appuie sur l’intuition (savoir tacite). Watson’s theory has four major concepts: human being, health, environment/society, and nursing. Caring is central to nursing practice, and promotes health better than a simple medical cure. Her international activities also include an International Kellogg Fellowship in Australia in 1982, a Fulbright Research and Lecture Award to Sweden and other parts of Scandinavia in 1991, and a lecture tour in the United Kingdom in 1993. The assessment includes observation, identification, and review of the problem, as well as the formation of a hypothesis. 4) Reconnaissance de la dimension spirituelle et du monde subjectif. Jean Watson defines caring as a science. Cette conscience énergique et focalisée de caring et cette présence authentique ont le potentiel de transformer le champ de caring, et ainsi de potentialiser la guérison et l’intégralité. Dans ses écrits antérieurs, elle définit la santé comme une expérience subjective, à travers laquelle l’infirmière accompagne la personne à trouver une signification à sa situation. De plus, de par sa vision unitaire, elle reconnaît l’indissociabilité de l’espritcorpsâme de la personne. Quelles sont vos perceptions de la situation ? Core Concepts of Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring/Caring Science. Intervention is the implementation of the care plan and data collection. It received the American Journal of Nursing 2005 Book of the Year Award. Dernière publication diffusée sur Cairn.info ou sur un portail partenaire, Explorer les éléments principaux de la théorie du Human Caring de Watson, L’occasion de caring, le moment de caring et le champ phénoménal, S’approprier la théorie de Watson par la pratique réflexive, Situation clinique de réadaptation : l’histoire de Madame Levert (nom fictif), Voir Madame Levert comme une personne en interrelation avec son environnement, Voir la santé de Madame Levert comme un état d’harmonie, Voir le soin de Madame Levert comme une relation de caring transpersonnelle. Watson contends that caring can assist the person to gain control, become knowledgeable, and promote health changes. . Nurses who want concrete guidelines may not feel secure when trying to use this theory alone. Her second book has been translated into Chinese, German, Japanese, Korean, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, and probably other languages by now. 3) Le caring est démontré et pratiqué de façon interpersonnelle et transpersonnelle. What is Watson’s Theory of Transpersonal Caring? Watson’s theory of caring can be applied to patient situation and his or her environment. She has been a founder and a member of the Board of Boulder County Hospice, and numerous other collaborations with area health care facilities. 2) La conscience caring dans la relation devient fondamentale. This book provides all the essential research tools for assessing and measuring caring for those in the caring professions. Être caring envers elle s’avère important pour moi, c’est ce qui me permet de travailler avec passion et de donner un sens à mon travail ! From 1983 to 1990, she was Dean of University of Colorado School of Nursing and Associate Director of Nursing Practice at University Hospital. In 1988, her theory was published in “nursing: human science and human care”. “The promotion of transpersonal teaching-learning”, “Engaging in genuine teaching-learning experience that attends to unity of being and meaning, attempting to stay within others’ frame of reference”, 8. Although some consider Watson’s theory complex, many find it easy to understand. In today’s world, nursing seems to be responding to the various demands of the machinery with less consideration of the needs of the person attached to the machine. Mme Levert voudrait trouver une signification à sa tétraplégie. There are many reasons to consider in becoming a professional nurse, but compassion is often a trait required of nurses. Within assisting with the gratification of human needs, Watson’s hierarchy of needs begins with lower-order biophysical needs or survival needs, the lower-order psychophysical needs or functional needs, the higher order psychosocial needs or integrative needs, and finally the higher order intrapersonal-interpersonal need or growth-seeking need.Watson’s Hierarchy of Needs, Lower Order Biophysical Needs or Survival Needs. De telles questions aident généralement l’infirmière à entrer dans le champ phénoménal de la personne. Watson is best known for developing the Theory of Human Caring, which describes patient care as more holistic treatment that involves attentive, authentic, personal interactions with patients. Watson has been involved in international projects and has received invitations to New Zealand, India, Thailand, Taiwan, Israel, Japan, Venezuela, Korea, and other places. Quelles sont vos priorités en ce qui concerne votre santé ? Jean Watson has stated that her work was motivated by her search of a new meaning to the world of … Watson’s 10 carative factors are: (1) forming humanistic-altruistic value systems, (2) instilling faith-hope, (3) cultivating a sensitivity to self and others, (4) developing a helping-trust relationship, (5) promoting an expression of feelings, (6) using problem-solving for decision-making, (7) promoting teaching-learning, (8) promoting a supportive environment, (9) assisting with gratification of human needs, and (10) allowing for existential-phenomenological forces. There are many reasons to consider in becoming a professional nurse, but compassion is often a trait required of nurses. de vos expériences de vie ? Caring for patients promotes growth; a caring environment accepts a person as he or she is, and looks to what he or she may become. comportement humain. She stated, “We are the light in institutional darkness, and in the model we get to return the light of our humanity” (Nurses Labs, 2016). Through her practice, she observed the effect of authentic caring on patients and the resultant health outcomes. Caring is at the core of nursing and is vital in providing positive patient outcomes. “The systematic use of the scientific problem solving method for decision making” became “systematic use of a creative problem solving caring process” (in 2004 Watson website), “Creative use of self and all ways of knowing as part of the caring process; to engage in the artistry of caring-healing practices”, 7. Être présent et offrir du soutien par l’expression de sentiments positifs et négatifs, telle une profonde connexion avec son âme et celle du soigné ; Utilisation créative de soi et de tous les types de savoir comme faisant partie du processus de. Jean Watson's Theory of Caring Jean Watson's Theory of Caring Dr. Jean Watson developed a theory of human caring that has become essential in nursing. La pratique du caring est au centre de la discipline infirmière. These activities involve national and international scholars in residence, as well as international connections with colleagues around the world, such as Australia, Brazil, Canada, Korea, Japan, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Scandinavia, Thailand, and Venezuela, among others. Est-ce que Mme Levert se perçoit en harmonie ? 3) Reconnaissance de l’autonomie et de la liberté de la personne. Between 1993 and 1996, Watson served as a member of the Executive Committee and the Governing Board, and as an officer for the NLN, and she was elected president from 1995 to 1996. For instance, the major theory concepts are defined in abstract conditions, whose application is difficult in clinical practice. Jean Watson's Philosophy of Nursing. 1) C’est une vision élargie de la personne et de la signification d’être humain, c’est-à-dire entièrement incarné, mais plus que le corps charnel ; une âme incarnée ; une conscience (consciousness) transpersonnelle, transcendante et évolutive ; l’unité de l’espritcorpsâme ; la personne, la nature, l’univers ne font qu’un, tous interreliés ; 2) Reconnaissance du champ d’énergie personne-environnement – champ d’énergie de vie et champ universel de conscience ; esprit universel ; 3) La conscience est énergie ; la conscience caringhealing est fondamentale pour le praticien caringhealing ; 4) Le caring potentialise la guérison, l’intégralité (wholeness) ; 5) Les modalités de caring-healing (l’archétype féminin sacré des soins infirmiers) ont été exclues des systèmes de santé et des soins infirmiers ; leur développement et leur réintroduction sont essentiels pour les modèles postmodernes, transpersonnels, de caring-healing et la transformation ; 6) Les processus et relations de caring-healing sont considérés sacrés ; 7) La conscience unitaire comme vision du monde (worldview) et cosmologie, c’est-à-dire réaliser l’interrelation (connnectedness) de tout ; 8) Caring comme impératif moral à la survie de l’humanité et de la planète ; 9) Caring comme agenda mondial autant pour les soins infirmiers que pour la société. International Research on Caritas as Healing (Nelson & Watson, 2011), Creating a Caring Science Curriculum (Hills & Watson, 2011), and Human Caring Science: A Theory of Nursing (Watson, 2012). The Core Priniciples/Practices: Evolving From Carative to Caritas (Watson, 2008, p. 34) Practice of loving-kindness and equanimity Authentic presence: enabling deep belief of other (patient, colleague, family, etc.) In 1997, the NLN awarded her an honorary lifetime certificate as a holistic nurse. Bien qu’une infirmière puisse éprouver une certaine frustration lorsqu’elle ne rejoint pas cet idéal moral, le rapprochement vers ce dernier, sera favorisé par une pratique réflexive. Comment, en partenariat avec l’équipe interdisciplinaire, puis-je exprimer mon engagement envers ma patiente et sa famille ? En fait, elle soutient que les soins de l’âme demeurent l’aspect le plus puissant de l’art du caring (Watson, 1997a). « Le caring permet aujourd’hui d’affirmer notre identité professionnelle dans un contexte où les valeurs humanistes sont fréquemment et intensément questionnées et bousculées » (Duquette et Cara, 2000, p.11). Elle dit avoir confiance que je reviendrai, que je me soucie d’elle et que je suis prête à l’accompagner à traverser cette épreuve (PCC#4). These include the need for activity, inactivity, and sexuality. 21J’ai posé à Madame Levert les questions suivantes pour m’aider à évaluer ses perceptions sur sa santé : Parlez-moi de votre santé ? 11) Pour faire avancer la pratique du caring-healing transpersonel, une épistémologie en développement, de même qu’un modèle transformatif de science et d’art sont requis. Essentiellement basée sur des valeurs humanistes de respect, de collaboration et d’unicité plutôt que sur l’objectivation, le contrôle et la catégorisation de la personne soignée, l’intervention des professionnels inspirée de l’approche du « caring » se fera dans le respect incontesté de la dignité humaine de la personne et de sa famille. Retrieved November 28, 2013, from https://watsoncaringscience.org/about-us/jean-bio/. Watson considered using nontechnical, sophisticated, fluid, and evolutionary language to artfully describe her concepts, such as caring-love, carative factors, and Caritas. Watson attempts to reunite the aspect of a provider and a patient, emphasizing the need for an efficient patient-provider relationship. Jean Watson is an American nurse theorist and nursing professor who is best known for her theory of human caring. “The formation of a humanistic-altruistic system of values”, “Practice of loving-kindness and equanimity within the context of caring consciousness”, “Being authentically present and enabling and sustaining the deep belief system and subjective life-world of self and one being cared for”, 3. Donc, pendant ma collecte de données, je recueille des renseignements sur sa famille, ses amis, les ressources dans sa communauté, etc. Jean Watson view of caring is the most valuable attribute nursing has to offer to humanity, yet caring has received less emphasis than other aspects of the practice of nursing over time. According to Watson, caring is central to nursing practice, and promotes health better than a simple medical cure. 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