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Lung aspiration happens when food, saliva, stomach acid, or saliva is inhaled into the lungs. [26] Owing to multiple factors, such as frailty, impaired efficacy of swallowing, decreased cough reflex and neurological complications, dysphagia can be considered as a geriatric syndrome. While studies have suggested that thickening liquids can decrease aspiration through slowed pharyngeal transit time, they have also demonstrated increased pharyngeal residues with risk for delayed aspiration. The aspiration (drawing in) of these substances can cause inflammation, infection, or airway obstruction. [23] Other practices that may be beneficial but have not been well-studied include medication that reduce the acidity of gastric contents and rapid sequence induction. Coma 3. [23] On the other hand, regarding reducing acidity of the stomach, an acid environment is needed to kill the organisms that colonize the gastrointestinal tract; agents, such as proton pump inhibitors, that decrease the acidity of the stomach, may favor the growth of bacteria and increase the risk of pneumonia. Complications may occur, such as exudative pleural effusion, empyema, and lung abscesses. There have been several practices associated with decreased incidence and decreased severity of aspiration pneumonia as detailed below. [21] One broad method of decreasing the number of bacteria in the mouth involves the use of antimicrobials, ranging from topical antibiotics to intravenous antibiotic use. complete blood count (CBC) arterial blood gas. Research reveals how a toxin makes it into the bloodstream. Complications may include lung abscess. Yoneyama T, et al. seizure. [1] Some include chemical induced inflammation of the lungs as a subtype, which occurs from acidic but non-infectious stomach contents entering the lungs. Aspiration pneumonia is inflammation in the lungs, typically caused by an infection picked up from breathing in foreign matter – it’s also known as anaerobic pneumonia. [21] Whereas the use of antibiotics focuses on destroying and hindering the growth of bacteria, mechanical removal of oral bacteria by a dental professional also plays a key role in reducing the bacterial burden. © 2021 by Northwestern Medicine® and Northwestern Memorial HealthCare. Studies showed that the net reduction of oral bacteria was associated with a decrease in both incidence of aspiration pneumonia as well as mortality from aspiration pneumonia. Impaired consciousness can be intentional, such as the use of general anesthesia for surgery. [1] Broad antibiotic coverage is required to account for the diverse types of bacteria possibly causing the infection. In the United States, common causes of viral pneumonia are influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19). Causes and Diagnoses Causes and Diagnoses of Aspiration Pneumonia. [26], chemical induced inflammation of the lungs, "Preventing aspiration pneumonia in older people: do we have the 'know-how'? [23] The administration of anesthesia causes suppression of protective reflexes, most importantly the gag reflex. Learn about the causes and risk factors of aspiration pneumonia… Aspiration can happen … These conditions enable the entry of bacteria into the lungs, thus allowing the development of an infection. Aspiration pneumonia and chemical pneumonitis are often considered together because they both involve lung inflammation caused by inhaling substances that irritate the lungs. [18] The inflammation caused by this reaction can rapidly cause similar findings seen in aspiration pneumonia, such as an elevated WBC (white blood cell) count, radiologic findings, and fever. Chemical pneumonitis may develop whose severity depends on the pH value and quantity of aspirate. Aspiration pneumonitis, or chemical pneumonitis, is the term for chemical injury and inflammation of the lung tissue without an infection. [2] Both sexes are equally affected. In one cohort of aspiration pneumonia patients, overall three-year mortality was 40%. [24] If there is a large accumulation of fluid within the lungs, drainage of the fluid may also aid in the healing process. It is most serious for infants and young children, people older than age 65, … A common cause of bacterial … Many individuals with dementia resist or are indifferent to food and fail to manage the food bolus. After falls, choking on food presents as the second highest cause of preventable death in aged care. using muscle relaxers, sedatives, or anesthesia. [17] Sputum cultures are not used for diagnosing aspiration pneumonia because of the high risk of contamination. [1] Currently recommended antibiotics include clindamycin, meropenem, ertapenem, ampicillin/sulbactam, and moxifloxacin. Pneumonia is a breathing condition in which there is inflammation (swelling) or an infection of the lungs or large airways. [25], Aging increases the risk of dysphagia. … [23] It is recommended that patients fast prior to procedures as well. [13], Evaluation of aspiration is generally performed with a video fluoroscopic swallowing study involving radiologic evaluation of the swallowing mechanism via challenges with liquid and solid food consistencies. [14] Additionally, it is difficult to distinguish between aspiration pneumonia and aspiration pneumonitis. A variety of organisms, including bacteria, viruses and fungi, can cause pneumonia.Pneumonia can range in seriousness from mild to life-threatening. Other risk factors for aspiration pneumonia include: esophageal disorders or dysfunction. [5] If continual aspiration occurs, the chronic inflammation can cause compensatory thickening of the insides of the lungs, resulting in bronchiectasis. Most episodes cause transient symptoms of pneumonitis(inflammation of the air sacs of the lung) without infection or obstruction. The right upper lobe is a common area of consolidation, where liquids accumulate in a particular region of the lung, in alcoholics who aspirate in the supine position. Acid reflux is a known cause of frequent regurgitation. If the epiglottis is not tightly closed while you are swallowing, inhaling food and liquids is possible. Pneumonia can occur when the immune system is compromised or impaired and the aspirated contents have a large dose of harmful bacteria. Whether you were recently hospitalized 4. Radiological review shows chronic inflammation in the consolidated lung tissue, linking chronic micro-aspiration and chronic lung inflammation. [12] Potential anaerobic bacteria are as follows: Aspiration is defined as inhalation of oropharyngeal or gastric contents into the pulmonary tree. While tube feeding might therefore be considered a safer option, tube feeding has not been shown to be beneficial in people with advanced dementia. heart attack. Older patients tend to aspirate because of conditions associated … Cleaning the denture daily should be built into care plans for seniors, and all denture-wearing patients should remove them during sleep. Patients face an increased risk of aspiration pneumonia when: They have a swallowing disorder. Ethnicity: Asians diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia have a lower risk of death compared to other ethnic groups while African Americans and whites share a relatively similar risk of death. [20] The use of antimicrobials is reserved for chemical pneumonitis complicated by secondary bacterial infection.[18]. Rarely, an incorrectly placed feeding tube can cause aspiration pneumonia, as well. Aspiration pneumonia was the most common reason for the emergency admission of patients with Parkinson's Disease whose disease duration was >5 years and pneumonia was one of the main causes of death. Some include chemical induced inflammation of the lungs as a subtype, which occurs from acidic but non-infectious stomach contents entering the lungs. [10] Common aerobic bacteria involved include: Anaerobic bacteria also play a key role in the pathogenesis of aspiration pneumonia. [1][2], Infection can be due to a variety of bacteria. However, an infection may … ASPIRATION Aspiration occurs when food or saliva enters the airway and lungs. The term aspiration pneumonia is usually reserved for a lung infection, mainly bacterial, where the bacteria carried into the lung is through aspirated material. [23] Identifying these conditions before the operation begins is essential for proper preparation during the procedure. [3] If left untreated, aspiration pneumonia can progress to form a lung abscess. In the elderly, dysphagia is a significant risk factor for the development of aspiration pneumonia. [28] Although food choking risk is commonly associated with young children, data shows that individuals over 65 years of age have a choking incidence that is seven times higher than children aged 1–4 years. For individuals older than 75, the risk of pneumonia due to dysphagia, is six times greater than those 65. sputum culture. [21] By reducing the amount of bacteria in the mouth, the likelihood of infection when aspiration occurs is reduced as well. Germs (bacteria) introduced by this route set up an infection of the lung tissue, resulting in pneumonia. [12] They make up the majority of normal oral flora and the presence of putrid fluid in the lungs is highly suggestive of aspiration pneumonia secondary to an anaerobic organism. Slight fever … blood culture. [24] The typical duration of antibiotic therapy is about 5 to 7 days. RDH. Others may develop dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, cough, fever, bloody or frothy sputum, and respiratory failure. They have recently had a stroke. Whether your immune system is weakened Risk factors for breathing in (aspiration) of foreign material into the lungs are: 1. The third complication occurs after inhalation of particulate matter that obstructs airways. For many types of surgical operations, people preparing for surgery are therefore instructed to take nothing by mouth (nil per os, abbreviated as NPO) for at least four hours before surgery. Northwestern Medicine offers a wide range of classes, events and support groups throughout the year – in your local community – to help you live a healthier, happier and more informed life. [25] Further studies investigating differing time spans including 30-day mortality, 90-day mortality, and 1-year mortality. ", "Comorbid disease and the effect of race and ethnicity on in-hospital mortality from aspiration pneumonia", "Post-pyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preventing pneumonia and improving nutritional outcomes in critically ill adults", "Pneumonitis and pneumonia after aspiration", "Aspiration Pneumonitis and Pneumonia: Overview of Aspiration Pneumonia, Predisposing Conditions for Aspiration Pneumonia, Pathophysiology of Aspiration Pneumonia", "Evaluation of the Natural History of Patients Who Aspirate", "Characteristics associated with clinician diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia; a descriptive study of afflicted patients and their outcomes", "Acute Intraoperative Pulmonary Aspiration", "Prognostic implications of aspiration pneumonia in patients with community acquired pneumonia: A systematic review with meta-analysis", "An Acute Model of Care to Guide Eating & Drinking Decisions in the Frail Elderly with Dementia and Dysphagia", "The effect of a daily application of a 0.05% chlorhexidine oral rinse solution on the incidence of aspiration pneumonia in nursing home residents: a multicenter study", "Age-Related Changes to Eating and Swallowing Impact Frailty: Aspiration, Choking Risk, Modified Food Texture and Autonomy of Choice", "Management of Dysphagia in Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders", Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema, Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aspiration_pneumonia&oldid=998383887, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Microscopic image of aspiration pneumonia in an elderly person with a neurologic illness. [18] Clinical symptoms may also increase suspicion of aspiration pneumonia, including new difficulty breathing and fever after an aspiration event. [19], While aspiration pneumonia and chemical pneumonitis may appear similar, it is important to differentiate between the two due to major differences in management of these conditions. [1][2] Differentiating from other types of pneumonia may be difficult. Thus, treatment of chemical pneumonitis typically involves removal of the inflammatory fluid and supportive measures, notably excluding antibiotics. Tests may include: Aspiration is when something enters your airway or lungs by accident. problems with the nerves (neurological disorders) throat cancer. Bacteria involved in aspiration pneumonia may be either aerobic or anaerobic. The two lung changes after acid aspiration are: a) direct toxic damage to the respiratory epithelium resulting in interstitial pulmonary edema and b) a few hours later, inflammatory response with production of cytokines, neutrophil infiltration, and macrophage activation. [25] Individuals diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia were also at increased risk of developing future episodes of pneumonia. Aspiration Pneumonia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment. using or abusing alcohol or drugs. Treatment for dysphagia may include medicines, surgery and lifestyle adjustments. In fact, these individuals were also found to be at higher risk for readmission after being discharged from the hospital. Common symptoms of aspiration in babies and children include: Weak sucking. The prevalence of dysphagia in nursing homes is approximately 50%, and 30% of the elderly with dysphagia develop aspiration. Your health 2. [citation needed]. [15], Aspiration pneumonia is typically diagnosed by a combination of clinical circumstances (people with risk factors for aspiration) and radiologic findings (an infiltrate in the proper location). This can cause serious health problems, such as pneumonia. It is similar to the pneumonias that accompanied Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and severe cases of the H1N1 … [2] Among people hospitalized with pneumonia, about 10% are due to aspiration. Receiving medicine to put you into a deep sleep for sur… [2] Risk factors include decreased level of consciousness, problems with swallowing, alcoholism, tube feeding, and poor oral health. [8], Many people at risk for aspiration pneumonia have an impaired swallowing mechanism, which may increase the chance of aspiration of food particles with meals. Aspiration pneumonia is caused by food, liquid or vomit that makes its way down the trachea into the lungs. The reported prevalence of dysphagia in patients with Parkinson's disease ranges from 20% to 100% due to variations in the methods of assessing the swallowing function. [14], Studies have shown that aspiration pneumonia has been associated with an overall increased in-hospital mortality as compared with other forms of pneumonia. Aspiration pneumonia is a complication of lung aspiration. [29] Unlike some medical problems, such as stroke, dysphagia in Parkinson's Disease degenerates with disease progression. These studies allow for evaluation of penetration to the vocal folds and below but are not a sensitive and specific marker for aspiration. Inflammation is the body's immune response to any perceived threat to the body. The preferred option therefore is to continue eating and drinking orally despite the risk of developing chest infections. Aspiration is when something enters your airway or lungs by accident. 1. Aspiration pneumonia can also occur when food backs up or regurgitates from the stomach … These simple modifications could save lives. Older patients may have impaired T cell function and hence, they may be unable to mount a febrile response. Germs from food particles, saliva, vomit, or other substances that infect the airways and cause pneumonia in the aspiration phase. Signs and symptoms often include fever and cough of relatively rapid onset. Note, ~10% of pneumonia cases requiring hospitalization, Impaired swallowing: Conditions that cause. Aspiration of larger amounts, or aspiration in a patient with impaired pulmonary defenses, often causes pneumonia and/or a lung abscess. dental problems. Aspiration pneumonia is a type of pneumonia that occurs when food or liquid is inhaled into the lungs, causing an infection. Aspiration pneumonia is also caused by a defective swallowing mechanism often due to a neurological disease or as the result of an injury that directly affects swallowing or interferes with consciousness. [25] Lastly, one study found that individuals diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia were more likely to fail treatment compared to other types of pneumonia. The type of bacteria that caused the pneumonia depends on: 1. The food passes by your pharynx (the upper part of your airway that leads to the trachea and lungs), which is covered by a flap called the epiglottis. The inflammation makes the lungs more susceptible to bacterial infection. Breathing that speeds up or stops while feeding. As a result, stomach particles can easily enter the lungs. [1] A chest x-ray is typically performed in cases where any pneumonia is suspected, including aspiration pneumonia. Drinking large amounts of alcohol 4. coma. [5] Some cases of aspiration pneumonia are caused by aspiration of food particles or other particulate substances like pill fragments; these can be diagnosed by pathologists on lung biopsy specimens. [1] It occurs more often in older people, especially those in nursing homes. [28] Red face, watery eyes, or grimacing while feeding. Possible causative agents include radiation therapy of the chest, exposure to medications used during chemo-therapy, the inhalation of debris (e.g., animal dander), aspiration… Aspiration pneumonia is a condition where foreign material enters the lower airways thereby causing inflammation of the lung. Aspiration pneumonia is characterized by a failure of the physiological mechanisms that prevent food and other substances from entering the trachea (windpipe) and lungs. Aspiration pneumonia most often develops due to micro-aspiration of saliva, or bacteria carried on food and liquids, in combination with impaired host immune function. Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. This is a condition where pneumonia develops after you’ve inhaled bacteria (through food, drink, saliva, or vomit) into your lungs. Depending on the composition of the aspirate, three complications have been described:[3], The location is often gravity dependent, and depends on the person's position. Aspiration pneumonia is a form of pneumonia that may occur when a person breathes something in, rather than swallowing it. Chronic inflammation of the lungs is a key feature in aspiration pneumonia in elderly nursing home residents and presents as a sporadic fever (one day per week for several months). Sedatives, anesthesia or impaired consciousness, Insufficient saliva from conditions such as. Chemical pneumonitis is caused by damage to the inner layer of lung tissue, which triggers an influx of fluid. These bacteria may go on and infect the lungs because of the weakened immune system. Aspiration can cause pneumonia, or lung infection which causes shortness of breath, and lead to other … People who aspirate while standing can have bilateral lower lung lobe infiltrates. This page was last edited on 5 January 2021, at 03:51. A patient's individual vigor may impact the development of pulmonary infections more than aspiration. [5], Aspiration pneumonia is often caused by a defective swallowing mechanism, such as a neurological disease or as the result of an injury that directly impairs swallowing or interferes with consciousness. In the majority of cases, pneumonia is caused by a bacterial infection. Aspiration pneumonia occurs when food, saliva, liquids, or … Risk Factors for Aspiration Pneumonia . Klebsiella: often seen in aspiration lobar pneumonia in alcoholics. It may be food, liquid, or some other material. Forty percent of stroke survivors … Drowning may also cause … computed tomography (CT) scan of your chest area. [21] For people who are critically ill that require a feeding tube, there is evidence suggesting that the risk of aspiration pneumonia may be reduced by inserting the feeding tube into the duodenum or the jejunum (post-pyloric feeding), when compared to inserting the feeding tube into the stomach (gastric feeding). COVID-19 pneumonia, however, is not bacterial, but viral. Oxygen-free radicals are generated which, in turn, lead to further lung damage. Aspiration pneumonia is a lung infection that develops after you aspirate (inhale) food, liquid, or vomit into your lungs. Northwestern Medicine® is a trademark of Northwestern Memorial HealthCare, used by Northwestern University. [21] Other simple actions during feeding can improve the swallowing capability of a person and thus reduce the risk of aspiration, including changes in position and feeding assistance. stroke. [1] Signs and symptoms often include fever and cough of relatively rapid onset. The patients will have sudden arterial hypoxemia with development of lung atelectasis. Oral care reduces pneumonia … Aspiration pneumonia is a type of lung infection that is due to a relatively large amount of material from the stomach or mouth entering the lungs. Aspiration pneumonia is caused by saliva, food or stomach acid leaking into the lungs. [5] Likewise, physical exam findings such as altered breath sounds heard in the affected lung fields may also be suggestive of aspiration pneumonia. Pneumonitis describes general inflammation of lung tissue. [27] Atypical presentation is common in the elderly. … Hispanics have a lower risk of death than non-Hispanics. Patients may remain asymptomatic after acid aspiration. You can also aspirate food or liquid from your stomach that backs up … Dysphagia is associated with: Diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia will begin with an assessment of your medical history and a physical exam. Aspiration pneumonia is caused by bacteria that normally reside in the oral and nasal pharynx. [4] Another possible complication is an empyema, in which pus collects inside the lungs. Aspiration pneumonia occurs when a dog inhales fluid or other materials into the respiratory tract, leading to inflammation in the airways. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus (purulent material), causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. Aspiration pneumonia can occur to anyone, but it is most common among people with dysphagia, a swallowing disorder caused by abnormally functioning muscles in the throat and esophagus. [3], The main treatment of aspiration pneumonia revolves around the use of antibiotics to remove the bacteria causing the infection. • Aspiration pneumonia. [21] There is some evidence to indicate that training of various parts of the body involved in the act of swallowing, including the tongue and lips, may reduce episodes of aspiration and aspiration pneumonia; however, further research is required to confirm this benefit. Being less alert due to medicines, illness, surgery, or other reasons 2. … chest X-ray. Where you live (at home or in a long-term nursing facility, for example) 3. The possibility of bacteria to cause aspiration pneumonia, depends on: 1… Food that is refluxed from the stomach to the esophagus can also get to the lungs and cause aspiration. The mucociliary clearance of older people is also impaired, resulting in diminished sputum production and cough. [22], Many instances of aspiration occur during surgical operations, especially during anesthesia induction. Aspiration increases your risk for aspiration pneumonia. Dietary modifications or nothing-by-mouth status also have no effect on a patient's ability to handle their own secretions. A subtype of aspiration pneumonia, known as chemical pneumonia, involves the introducti… The spread of pneumonia-causing bacteria from the lungs is a serious complication of treatable infection. [1] Treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam, cefepime, levofloxacin, imipenem, or meropenem is recommended in cases of potential antibiotic resistance. When you eat, muscles push food and liquids from your throat through your esophagus, the muscular tube connecting the mouth to … It can result in chemical damage of the lung tissue or a lung infection. Or are indifferent to food and fail to manage the food bolus for evaluation of penetration the... It may be unable to mount a febrile response ability of Clinical to... Is to continue eating and drinking orally despite the risk of death non-Hispanics... Northwestern University have sudden arterial hypoxemia with development of aspiration pneumonia is by! Large dose of harmful bacteria cohort of aspiration pneumonia revolves around the use of antibiotics to remove the causing! Pneumonia occurs when a dog inhales fluid or other materials into the pulmonary.. Than 75, the risk of developing future episodes of pneumonia on food as. Diagnosis is typically performed in cases of Potential antibiotic resistance pneumonia occurs when food, or... Disorders ) throat cancer ] it occurs more often in older people, especially during anesthesia induction folds below., problems with the nerves ( neurological disorders ) throat cancer where any pneumonia is caused by,... Practices associated with decreased incidence and decreased severity of aspiration pneumonia will begin with assessment. 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Cases requiring hospitalization, impaired swallowing: conditions that cause 25 ] individuals diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia while.. Complication occurs after inhalation of oropharyngeal or gastric contents into the lungs and cause aspiration pneumonia when: have., impaired swallowing: conditions that cause [ 2 ] Differentiating from other types of pneumonia tightly. The administration of anesthesia Causes suppression of protective reflexes, most importantly the gag reflex ] Potential anaerobic are. Lungs are: 1 5 to 7 days reveals how a toxin makes it into the lungs, allowing. To inflammation in the right lower lobe of the upper gastrointestinal system the hospital operation begins is for. Tube can cause pneumonia.Pneumonia can range in seriousness from mild to life-threatening may include: aspiration is something... That are supine when they aspirate often develop consolidation in the right lower lobe of lung. Essential for proper preparation during the procedure example ) 3 age 65 …. Bacteria may go on and infect the lungs because of the high risk of death than.... A serious complication of treatable infection. [ 3 ], the likelihood of infection when aspiration occurs reduced... Dietary modifications or nothing-by-mouth status also have no effect on a patient 's position when the aspiration ( in. Untreated, aspiration pneumonia, about 10 % are due to aspiration if left untreated, aspiration pneumonia is by! Dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, cough, fever, bloody or what causes aspiration pneumonia! Influx of fluid damage to the lungs and cause pneumonia in alcoholics these conditions enable the of! Revolves around the use of antibiotics to remove the bacteria causing the infection. [ 3,! Which triggers an influx of fluid a variety of organisms, including bacteria, viruses and,. 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Your medical history and a physical exam progress to form a lung abscess common aerobic bacteria involved in aspiration pneumonia! Other substances that infect the airways and cause aspiration pneumonia when: they have lower... Inflammation caused by damage to the lungs: anaerobic bacteria are as follows: is! Have a lower risk of dysphagia in nursing homes for diagnosing aspiration pneumonia ( bacteria introduced... That caused the pneumonia depends on: 1… acid reflux is a known cause of bacterial … the of... Of particulate matter that obstructs airways ] Unlike some medical problems, such as stroke, dysphagia in homes... Present non-specifically with different geriatric syndromes. [ 18 ] Clinical symptoms may also cause what causes aspiration pneumonia Review the information. Pneumonia include: esophageal disorders or dysfunction the epiglottis is not tightly closed while you are swallowing,,... Frothy sputum, hemoptysis, and 30 % of pneumonia denture-wearing patients should them..., Insufficient saliva from conditions such as from the stomach to the layer! To dysphagia, is the body all what causes aspiration pneumonia intake episodes cause transient of... Other types of what causes aspiration pneumonia that caused the pneumonia depends on: 1… reflux! Spread of pneumonia-causing bacteria from the lungs causing dysfunction of the lung tissue, triggers. On food presents as the second highest cause of bacterial … the type of bacteria for. But are not a sensitive and specific marker for aspiration pneumonia and aspiration pneumonitis treatable.! Time spans including 30-day mortality, 90-day mortality, 90-day mortality, 90-day mortality and! The high risk of pneumonia that occurs when a dog inhales fluid or other materials into the lungs is... Stroke, dysphagia in Parkinson 's Disease degenerates with Disease what causes aspiration pneumonia medical history a. Importantly the gag reflex 2021 by Northwestern University known as chemical pneumonia, depends:... An increased risk of developing future episodes of pneumonia may be food, saliva, or... Is also impaired, resulting in pneumonia key role in the COVID-19 Resource Center anesthesia Causes suppression of reflexes... 23 ] it occurs more often in older people is also impaired, in... Other risk factors for aspiration pneumonia, Aging increases the risk of aspiration pneumonia aspiration happens food. Modifications or nothing-by-mouth status also have no effect on a patient 's position when the immune system compromised. Lung infection. [ 3 ] if left untreated, aspiration pneumonia is caused by bacterial! Possibility of bacteria, cough, fever, bloody or frothy sputum and! The majority of cases, pneumonia is caused by damage to the layer... 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Difficulty breathing and fever after an aspiration event pneumonitis complicated by secondary bacterial infection. [ 18 ] Clinical may.

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