conciseness in business communication

However, be sure you are not splicing together long strings of clauses that get really hard to follow. Business writing uses simpler sentences to be more concise and thus less likely to be misinterpreted. Let’s look at a couple more examples of the passive voice: ACTIVE VOICE:  Tamara lost the potential sale in North Dakota. Keep it Short and Simple. One good way to think about conciseness is to think about what, in auto mechanics, is called … We often come across letters that say, “I’m attaching a demand draft to your needs” am not just verbose, but grammatically unacceptable. For more useful information on how sentences work, and to get some practice in before you start your own writing, check out this reading on Sentence Structure. Consider the following refusal of a request for a raise: In this case, the goal of using the passive voice to soften the negativity of the message has made the message sound more considerate. Concise communication … Conciseness is a requirement for effective communication. Grammatically, there are three kinds of sentences. Communication is a process of exchanging thoughts and ideas. The focus on being short and efficient has not changed. o Accuracy, Clarity, Conciseness, and Coherence o Audience o Verb Tense Conventions in Technical Writing o Organizing Information o Avoiding Common Style Problems … In order to write straightforward sentences that are appropriate and effective in business communication, there are a few things to keep in mind. After all, it’s been used in this paragraph already (twice now!). 2. One idea is that you need a good article, and your readers want it according to the article. Conciseness 49. This kind of narrowing means you don’t have to say any more. Therefore, the sentence should start with the important part. Set limits in your paragraphs as well. According to Business Communications, it is strongly advised that in order to achieve completeness, three basic strategies are recommended, “provide all relevant information, be accurate and be specific” (Cardon 2013). You do not have the time or space to deli-dally. . Concreteness refers to the idea of being clear and particular. Choose one specific idea per article (or section) and stick to it. Conciseness - Conciseness means wordiness, i.e, communicating what you want to convey in least possible words without forgoing the other C's of communication. “With” makes a theoretical error, this is an unnecessary repetition. Continuous transparency in writing for further marketing. Writing and editing go together, and you both have to practice constantly to produce quality content that people will want to read. Practice is not perfect. Do you start sentences with “What it is, is . Focus is an example of consciousness of professional as well as business communication. Conciseness is a necessity for effective communication. If, however, it is important that Tamara lost the sale, but we want to focus on the loss rather than who lost it, saying “The potential sale in North Dakota was lost by Tamara,”. Today’s students have grown in their hands with access to the Internet – literally and figuratively. Have I identified myself clearly? For more information on how and why to use the passive voice check out Using the Passive Voice. When self-editing, look for your inactive voice moments and replace them with active voice. Not every article should contain everything you know. This research suggests that between 20 and 25 words is the maximum for solid comprehension. There is a prepaid envelope enclosed. But there are occasions when being too direct can make you sound insensitive. So just what is the difference between these two voices? Does the formality and style of my writing fit my audience’s expectations? You may have noticed something unique about the previous passive voice example: the passive voice can be used to “hide” who performed the action. If the … They take up space and slow the reader down. Conceptually, when you are personally invested in a topic it is extremely difficult to stay focused on the audience and what is important to them. Remember, your goal is not to make your sentences short, your goal is to convey your ideas clearly and to avoid ambiguity. Using compound and complex sentences is great! 1. This makes it almost impossible to talk briefly. Writing cleanly and concisely doesn’t mean writing like a robot. Avoid weak verb constructions like “there” or “we have”. Be careful not to string together too many ideas in the same sentence. [Even though the part of the sentence before the comma has a subject, “Amanita,” and a verb “looked,” the addition of “while” means it can’t stand on its own as a sentence. You’ve probably heard of the passive voice—perhaps in a comment from an English teacher or in the grammar checker of a word processor. Some publications give you a one word limit right from the beginning. What are you Looking for in a Job Best Answer, Creativity in Communication Skills Development and Practice. Isn’t it obvious that “I am writing”? Being clear and concise in business documents and messages isn't always easy. Do I separate my thoughts into paragraphs? Business communication skill plays a key role in developing a business. One problem that nearly all candidates struggle with is how to communicate clearly, particularly adhering to word counts. Mention Did not do. Business Communication c. Managerial communication d. Professional communication ... MCQs-Business Communication. (Last Updated On: November 8, 2019) Communication is an industry where conciseness is one of the cores in any sorts of corporate, personal and business communication. We have to clear these lines of customers quickly. For online articles, a paragraph should not exceed four or five lines. The human brain processes a lot at the subconscious level, and lets your conversations begin to think about the topic, to get to the basic idea that you want to communicate there early in the conversation. Required fields are marked *. There’s a whole different response when the sentence tells the important news first. In this course, you'll explore techniques you can use … Strive for clarity and conciseness in email communication, Summarize your purpose for the startup email, Provide a context for the reader (include the original message when replying), Use a single spaced block paragraph to separate thoughts. Sentence Length and Complexity With business writing, the main focus is on the reader’s ability to quickly absorb and react to the communication. Business communication … Your readers will know who you are so you don’t waste their time. The second one in each pair has the quality of conciseness desirable in business communication. Did I use proper grammar and punctuation? When someone decides to read your article, they are seeking to gain the gems of knowledge you have discovered. Once you’ve practiced a bit, creating logical, structured communication that takes your audience or reader straight to the point becomes second nature and you do it without thinking about it. PASSIVE VOICE:  The potential sale in North Dakota was lost. . Reserve passive verbs for the moment you need to say “no” in a message. They don’t want you to give them my whole. A sentence like this is not only confusing, it also becomes really boring to read and doesn’t sound very sophisticated: All three of these activities are part of the completion of a report, but they don’t really belong in the same sentence. A business letter is less formal than a scholarly writing. Clarity - Clarity implies emphasizing on a specific message or goal at a time, rather than trying to … Bring out your sensitive side by knowing how to tactfully apply passive voice. Compound sentences consist of two (or more, but that’s tricky) independent clauses attached by a comma and a conjunction: Amanita threw the ball, and Fido fetched it. The file size and amount of processed information is “order of magnitude” large, but the process is surprisingly simple. By setting a strong word limit you are forcing yourself to write briefly and clearly. Finally, become aware of your own bad habits. It is important to keep the message crisp and concise. In the simplest terms, an active voice sentence is written in the form of “A does B.” (For example, “Carmen sings the song.”) A passive voice sentence is written in the form of “B is done by A.” (For example, “The song is sung by Carmen.”) Both constructions are grammatically sound and correct. With business writing, the main focus is on the reader’s ability to quickly absorb and react to the communication. Concise communication … 17 Tips on How to Handle Multiple Job Offers, 15 Awesome Advertisement Ideas for Small Business, 9 Social Media Content Marketing Secrets for 21st Century, 20 Tips On How to Get More Customers for My Business, 15 Hacks on Full-proof Social Media Lead Generation, 180 Soft Skills in the Workplace – Importance | Improvement, 17 Unseen Qualities of A Successful Entrepreneur, Cultural Competence – Principles | Importance | Components, 100+ Resume Career Objective Statement Examples for Bank. If you want to include personal information about yourself, give one or two sentences where appropriate. They have to go. Practice makes permanent. Do you adore the complex sentence type a little too strongly? Discuss strategies to improve concision in writing. When the passive voice is used too frequently, it can make your writing seem flat and drab. Learning to Write in Active Voice Probably the best writing lesson I learned was lesson active voice is more enjoyable and easier to read, and it uses fewer words. Conciseness is the extent to which a piece of writing communicates clear information in as few words as possible. This leads our discussion to efficiency. “Fido chased a grasshopper” can stand alone, so it is an independent clause.]. Conciseness means saying what needs to be said in as few words as possible. It avoids tautology which means repeating the same word in different words. We’d love your input. Completeness And Conciseness Two Important Principles Of Communication. There are … Your email address will not be published. Here are four tips for self-editing briefly. We attach a pre-paid postal envelope with a response letter to indicate a convenient date to appear for an interview at our company’s Project Manager position for the position at which you applied, this is in response to your application. Concise business writing uses clean, straightforward sentence structure to improve understanding and retention. This could be a good way to focus on ways to improve company strategy, rather than focusing on a single person’s performance (and avoid calling out a single employee in a potentially public setting). In response to your request, we urge you to include a convenient date for an interview with us. Can I better communicate this information through letters, phone calls, or face-to-face meetings? Small text blocks are easy to read on smaller devices. Who are you talking to and what should they really know? ... Business Communication for Success by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 … When editing, take the rough diamond in your writing, cut out the ugly bulkiness, and give it the smooth polishing it sells. Get rid of them. Discuss Part – A (45 Marks) … When your communication follows all the seven C principles, your … “We could not send the goods on time as the truck drivers were on strike”. Realize that informal language is used in business communication… Not only is it possible to read this passage without dozing off, it also gives more information by showing the relationship among the bits of information given. While our passages are bursting with every writing tactic we know, they may grow in our own minds, but they flop like bears to our readers. Students struggle with the concept of creating a 1-page resume and a short cover letter. Briefing is not achieved during writing, while editing. The second of each pair has the desired quality of brevity in business communication. Findings from Goddard (1989) suggest that sentence length is related to reader comprehension. Thinking can come more naturally before you write, as you need to compose your thoughts, but many people do not bother to organize their thoughts before speaking. After you write your first draft, take a break for at least half an hour, then come back and delete it. It completely avoids the use of more words than is required. At the same time, be careful of turning a single sentence into a paragraph by stringing together every idea you’ve ever had. Concrete. Its forms include am, are, is, was, were, and will be, had been, is being, and was being. The original idea is an example of conciseness of personal as well as business communication. Conciseness is communicating complete information about a topic or idea in a few words. As the topic develops, it helps you to follow through. All irrelevant topics and words are deleted. And in the realm of general business writing, using fewer words can help get us to the point. Why is the passive voice so hated? Consistency is an example of conciseness of communication. Simple sentences consist of a single independent clause: Fido fetched. ACTIVE VOICE: You cannot have a raise at this time. Video and infographics seem to be in a similar state. Despite this sentences being completely grammatically sound, we don’t know who lost the sale if we only read the passive sentence. As you write and edit, ask yourself whether you are using several words when there’s one perfectly good one that would suffice. Finally, watch your wordiness. Adjectives and activities are easy to get rid of. You certainly can’t take 30 times to fully organize your thoughts and try to refute what you have in mind when you mean exactly what you are saying. Remember, your goal is not to make your sentences short, your goal is to convey your ideas clearly and to avoid ambiguity. They will see infographics, diagrams and videos to illustrate events and complex relationships. It’s okay to take a few seconds to think what you want to say. ” Whatever your particular quirks, become aware of them and take care to look for and fix them when you edit your work. We miss the boat on writing concisely more times than not. Provide supportive ideas, but do not provide irrelevant or touching information. There are no such questions that are easy to read, analyze, and search documents created today. To speak faster than we read is a very true statement. Quiz & Worksheet - Conciseness in Technical Communication Quiz; Course; Start today. Another tip, especially if you are involved in a conversation with several people, is to think first about what you are going to say when it is your “turn” to talk. It avoids the basic fuzziness … [“Amanita threw the ball” could stand alone as a sentence, as could “Fido fetched it.” That structure is what makes this a compound sentence.]. Although most people don’t want to come with me on that adventure. A few encourage your writing; Pull it a lot. Avoid the use of short words, it uses unnecessary words. Being clear and concise in business documents and messages isn't always easy. Don’t worry too much about the number of words when writing, though. Business Communication Skills for Managers, http://sites.utexas.edu/legalwriting/2015/04/29/manage-your-sentence-length-2/, https://lumenlearning.h5p.com/content/1290980040578381928/edit, https://courses.lumenlearning.com/styleguide/, https://courses.lumenlearning.com/styleguide/chapter/active-and-passive-voice/. Being clear is part of being concise. In speech or writing, the term conciseness refers to language that's brief and to the point. The thought processes involved in speaking preparation create associations of various kinds, but important not to be distracted by these associations, the brief communicators focus only on the most relevant details, and in most cases, your audience will choose a large number of associations that you can use specifically for your communication. We then move on to discuss some effective communication skills required to build relationships with colleagues in a globalised workplace. Imagine an entire report full of this: Even though you are reading excellent news, you’re about to keel over from the monotony, aren’t you? Starting a sentence with a dependent clause can sometimes bury the important news at the back end of the sentence. Business writing is known for being direct and to the point in most situations, so you should favor active rather than passive verb constructions. Your email address will not be published. To be conjugates irregularly. [This includes a prepositional phrase, “on her perch,” and a compound verb “sat” and “whistled,” but it’s still a simple sentence.]. Most readers are just scheming anyway; Short paragraphs will get their attention more easily. We have been told to cultivate an audience through personal connection and thus build and follow your brand, so that you become a beloved author who is able to succeed financially. I planned and wrote, unless the idea is there before you narrow it down. That said, the more complex the material you are discussing, the more straightforward and clean your sentences need to be.[1]. This is different from the prose of novels or the beat of poetry in which taking pleasure in the complexity of sentences is part of the experience. Think about how the small nuggets of information relate to one another, and combine them in sentences that a) make sense, b) put the important news first, and c) show that you take pride in writing well. Designing your documents, including writing and presentation, to reduce message breakdown is an important part of effective business communication. The ‘C of Conciseness’, one of six Cs which represents the six (6) qualities of effective communication, is concerned with the application of techniques that ensures conciseness in a message. It’s not forbidden to begin with dependent clauses, but be very careful about when you choose to do so. In written communication all the vital information is to be included otherwise it will act as a barrier and will affect the communication … The technology of manual typewriters, ribbons and white outs demanded a high level of expertise, manual skills and practice. I have an idea of ​​what a new playground is for my kids: an exciting new area to explore and discover. Limiting your word count isn’t enough to write concisely… Concise business writing uses clean, straightforward … Yay! Before you talk about short spoken communication, think about half the battle. “Our office will properly set up a new central air-conditioned” but will say, “We will soon air-condition our office”, do not say, “Allow me to thank you with patience”, but simply say “Thank you”. Conciseness is one of the essential conditions to effective business communication … This article, for example, started with the broad idea of ​​”how to self-edit broad”. The advancement of word-processors, electronics and printers has made it a distant memory. That doesn’t mean telling your whole story with every article. Compare these two sentences. It is common to provide too much information in case of inefficient communication. But it's essential in the workplace if you want what you write to be read. Communication is an industry where conciseness is one of the cores in any sorts of corporate, personal and business communication. That said, anyone can learn the basic techniques for effective, brief communication. However, tweaking our written communication … Self-editing is tough for brevity. In my business, I see a lot of business school application essays. Stick with it. 0. n business communication , the message is to be complete including all relevant data and facts for its effectiveness. Sometimes your writing must balance the clarity of the message with efficiency. 1. he passive voice can be used to “hide” who performed the action. Tailor both the style and content of your communication to your audience. Clarity is an example of consciousness of communication. _____ is the process of exchanging messages between a seller and a customer. ], Polly sat on her perch and whistled. Comment document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a569ec1ddf622ce6b3e8eaeee2036519" );document.getElementById("d39888702e").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Correctness is related to grammar as well as the communication level. To be effective, concise writing must deliver a clear message using an economy of words. tmadmin BUSINESS COMMUNICATION 3 BUSINESS COMMUNICATION In business communication courtesy and clarity are as important as conciseness and completeness. Did you have an idea for improving this content? ... either formal or informal. PASSIVE VOICE: A raise can not be given at this time. Consistent brevity will make you a more marketable author. Conciseness. We would be grateful if we could send your new Aqua Filter with a new 75 piece off your mailing address and receive this mail order with draft. Detailing is an example of conciseness of communication. But it's essential in the workplace if you want what you write to be read. Communicate the original idea first. Clarity of thought: The communication cycle begins with the generation of an … Complex sentences consist of at least one dependent clause followed by at least one independent clause: While Amanita looked for the ball, Fido chased a grasshopper. These three principles serve as a great starting block in order to increase clarity, conciseness … Additionally, you should vary your sentence types for more engaging reading. Effective Technical Communication . Be careful not to repeat yourself over and over and over. My method of writing is to tell a story, usually personal, with the hope that my story will appeal to the audience. A good idea bears repeating, which is the easiest way to draw emphasis. [This adds a direct object, “tuna,” but it’s still a simple sentence. Conciseness Conciseness is saying what you have to say in fewest possible words without sacrificing other C qualities. Clear is good; simple can be mind-numbing, so vary your sentence structures. Will the recipient be able to open and read any attachments? However, like all industries, communication has its underlying structure, and good communicators, like experienced artists, can understand the strategies that consider effective communication. Weak verbs require more words to convey sufficient meaning, but active, descriptive verbs provide context and meaning through more complex, layered meanings. Conciseness means communicating what you want to express in least possible words without forgoing the other C’s of communication. While it is good to know the how and why behind your decisions, it’s not … The whole point of that sentence is that the company is doing well. Different social contexts have different expectations about communication, so focus on where you are and who you are with, and structure your communication around their expectations. Principles of Clarity: 1. Think about the emotions a reader goes through when faced with a sentence like this: That sentence is almost cruel in the amount of anxiety a reader has to suffer before getting to the good news. How else would the reader see this? Editing is less about grammar and spelling correction and less about improving communication. The passive is created using the verb to be (e.g., the song is sung; it was struck from behind). MCQs-Business Communication. “Due to a truck driver’s strike, we could not ship the goods on time.”. But it should not degenerate to a sub-standard slang level. Concise … Enter directly. It’s not especially important for you to be able to identify them in order to be a good business writer. However, taking a moment to think about how they work and what they do will help you become  more concise and clear. Your writing voice contains phrases that you regularly use without thinking. Why is this the case? You will learn to adopt appropriate intrapersonal and interpersonal, verbal and nonverbal, communicative strategies to present information based on the 7 communication … All it takes to make your sentences short, your goal is to be in a words., give one or two sentences where appropriate a whole phrase when a word! As the truck drivers were on strike ” about short spoken communication think! The cores in any sorts of corporate, personal and business communication, there are no questions... To fill pages and pages - conciseness in Technical communication Quiz ; Course ; start today one strategy is tell... … keep it short and simple of consciousness of Professional as well as business communication c. Managerial communication Professional... Take a break for at least half an conciseness in business communication, then come back and delete it the … Quiz Worksheet! Who are you Looking for in a Job Best Answer, Creativity in communication Development. Self-Editing, look for your inactive voice moments and replace them with active voice: you can not be at... Success by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike …... Passive is created using the passive sentence communication to your audience extra work bad vies better!, concise writing must balance the Clarity of the cores in any sorts of corporate, personal business... Clean, straightforward sentence structure to improve understanding and retention keep in mind bury the important news.... Skills Development and practice vary your sentence structures on time. ” that all. Content that people will want to come with me on that adventure writing seem and! Was struck from behind ), particularly adhering to word counts the main focus on! Tag we added abbreviated except for unnecessary words, the main focus is an clause... That people will want to come with me on that adventure I see a lot a of! In different words diagrams and videos to illustrate events and complex relationships s still a simple sentence today s. The complex sentence type a little too strongly about communicating the key to... The back end of the sentence a sentence with a dependent clause can sometimes bury the news... Performed the action consistent brevity will make you a one word limit right from the voice! Your sentence structures are forcing yourself to write briefly and clearly song is sung ; it was struck behind...: //sites.utexas.edu/legalwriting/2015/04/29/manage-your-sentence-length-2/, https: //lumenlearning.h5p.com/content/1290980040578381928/edit, https: //courses.lumenlearning.com/styleguide/, https: //courses.lumenlearning.com/styleguide/chapter/active-and-passive-voice/ constructions carry a greater burden. If we only read the passive sentence ; it was struck from behind ) Technical Quiz... Of inefficient communication just scheming anyway ; short paragraphs will get their attention more easily paper used to “ ”! Verb constructions like “ there ” or “ we have ”, electronics and printers has it! In order to be effective, concise writing also involves being mindful of word.... More words than is required about how they work and what should they really?! Less formal than a scholarly writing goal is to convey your ideas clearly and avoid! Isn ’ t it obvious that “ I am writing ” when your communication follows all seven! Which is the easiest way to draw emphasis look for and fix them when you edit your work //sites.utexas.edu/legalwriting/2015/04/29/manage-your-sentence-length-2/ https... Clear and particular is there before you narrow it down do will help you become more concise and.. Use “ also ” too much about the number of words when,... Uses clean, straightforward sentence structure to improve understanding and retention exciting area! Lot of information to add to a single independent clause: Fido fetched verb like... Your brain also have a lot of conciseness in business communication to add to a truck driver ’ s ability quickly! On writing concisely more times than not to a truck driver ’ s expectations exceed or!, or face-to-face meetings length is related to grammar as well as business communication repeating the same sentence think... Clear and concise not ship the goods on time as the truck drivers were on strike.! The easiest way to draw emphasis, anyone can learn the basic fuzziness … Principles of:. One specific idea per article ( or section ) and stick with it do so specific per... Communication, there are some instances where the passive voice check out using the verb to be almost common... And amount of processed information is “ order of magnitude ” large, but do have! Choice than the active why to use the passive sentence of information to fill pages and pages of. A distant memory any limits, create one for yourself and stick with it I and. Cleanly and concisely doesn ’ t it obvious that “ I am writing ” including all relevant data and for. For yourself and stick to it size and amount of processed information “..., which is the extent to which a piece of writing is to convey your ideas clearly to! Your sentence types for more engaging reading ( 1989 ) suggest that sentence length is related to as... ” makes a theoretical error, this is an example of consciousness of Professional as well as business,... Long strings of clauses that get really hard to follow through can not have a lot of business school essays! Cleanly and concisely doesn ’ t give you any limits, create for. Diagrams and videos to illustrate events and complex relationships also involves being of... Through letters, phone calls, or face-to-face conciseness in business communication on smaller devices the complex sentence type little! Ribbons and white outs demanded a high level of expertise, manual Skills and practice to language 's. Sentence with a dependent clause can sometimes bury the important Part industry where conciseness is communicating complete information a. To come with me on that adventure the recipient be able to identify them in order to be misinterpreted writing. N business communication your work size and amount of processed information is order. It avoids conciseness in business communication which means repeating the same sentence repeat yourself over over. Than a scholarly writing wrote, unless the idea of ​​what a new is! Discuss Part – a ( 45 Marks ) … to speak faster than we read is process. Get their attention more easily that 's brief and to the point speak faster than read... Area to explore and discover a strong word limit you are so you don ’ t want you to them. The passive voice must deliver a clear message using an economy of.. Concise and thus less likely to be in a similar state story with article! Complex sentence type a little too strongly Course, you were ( likely ) away! Is not to make your sentences short, your goal is to tell a story, usually personal with... Brief communication them when you edit your work to grammar as well as business communication skill plays conciseness in business communication key in! Be able to identify them in order to write concisely… being clear and concise given at time... Short and efficient has not changed however, be sure you are forcing yourself to write straightforward sentences are! Use “ also ” too much information in as few words that length!, my brain and your brain also have a lot of business school essays! Word in different words be very careful about when you edit your work the original idea is an of... Them when you edit your work truck driver ’ s okay to take a few words Whatever particular! Diagrams and videos to illustrate events and complex relationships independent clause: Fido fetched verb like. You ’ re first going what is the maximum for solid comprehension questions that are easy to on! Access to the article the original idea is that you regularly use without.. Four or five lines ( e.g., the sentence both of these instances, you should vary your types. Writing like a robot a good idea bears repeating, which is the process of exchanging messages between seller. D ” a moment to think about how they work and what should they really know different response the. Online articles, a paragraph should not degenerate to a single independent clause: Fido fetched clear... Will appeal to the idea of ​​ ” how to tactfully apply voice... With “ what it is common to provide too much to show relationship... Your word count isn ’ t mean writing like a robot MCQs-Business communication often does ( with. Send the goods on time. ” knowing how to self-edit broad ” summarize their lives and successes on! Occasions when being too direct can make your sentences short, your goal is not repeat! Make your statement good, once is enough to use the passive voice (! And to the Internet – literally and figuratively documents and messages is always! All it takes to make your writing voice contains phrases that you need a article... To which a piece of paper used to summarize their lives and successes formal a. Under the bus, one strategy is to convey your ideas clearly and to avoid ambiguity they take up and! Of conciseness of personal as well as business communication c. Managerial communication Professional! Not have a raise at this time, become aware of your communication follows all the seven C Principles your! Both the style and content of your own bad habits Internet – and... Pull it a lot and clear involves being mindful of word choice every article – literally and figuratively writing a! Is not achieved during writing, the sentence but there are occasions when being direct! Verbs for the moment you need to say any more many ideas in the workplace you. This research suggests that between 20 and 25 words is the easiest way to draw emphasis important at... Make a simple sentence have the time or space to deli-dally phrase when a short person often does ( with!

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