gift authorship in research

p. 350, Biagioli, M. Rights or rewards? medical writers or technical writers) become ghost authors when they meet authorship criteria but are not named as an author. Writers who work in this capacity are called ghostwriters. In these contexts, authorship can encompass activities other than writing the article; a researcher who comes up with an experimental design and analyzes the data may be considered an author, even if she or he had little role in composing the text describing the results. In the 18th century, Émilie du Châtelet began her career as a scientific author by submitting a paper in an annual competition held by the French Academy of Sciences; papers in this competition were submitted anonymously. The paper should not be published without the corresponding author's final approval. Financial pressures on universities have encouraged this type of misconduct. “Senior professors [and] government officials get authorship for doing nothing or granting permission for field work,” says Giri. Basant Giri, a senior scientist at the Kathmandu Institute of Applied Sciences in Nepal, says he has heard of stories of gift authorship, as well as its parallel opposite, ghost authorship — where real authors are excluded from author lists. A rolling authorship is a special case of gift authorship in which the honor is granted on the basis of previous research papers (published or not) and collaborations within the same research group. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. In the worst instances of ghost authorship, when the … She did not win the competition, but eventually her paper was published alongside the winning submissions, under her real name. Lamarck had long been discredited among intellectuals by this time and evolutionary (or development) theories were exceedingly unpopular, except among the political radicals, materialists, and atheists - Chambers hoped to avoid Lamarck's fate. I have not been aware of any valid argument for more than three authors per paper, although I recognize that this may not be true for every field. The American Chemical Society further specifies that authors are those who also "share responsibility and accountability for the results"[3] and the U.S. National Academies specify "an author who is willing to take credit for a paper must also bear responsibility for its contents. An environmental sciences researcher based in Sweden, who wished to remain anonymous to protect their professional network, told Nature Index that they were offered the prospect of working with a professor based in Europe after completing their PhD if they agreed to add the professor as a gift author on a manuscript. [37][38][39] Historically, biologists tended to place a principal investigator (supervisor or lab head) last in an author list whereas organic chemists might have put him or her first. The book argued for an evolutionary view of life in the same spirit as the late Frenchman Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. But there are significant ethical and technical challenges to overcome. However, the need to describe contributions can at least be expected to somewhat reduce honorary authorships. According to the guidelines by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), guest authorsindirectly affiliate to a study article. It’s not my research, but some funny little tidbits to keep in mind is that gift recipients don’t appreciate thoughtfulness as much as the gift giver thinks they will. 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